Merge cell wizard is used in MS-Excel, used for, merge or join the cell two or three cells in the spreadsheet. Use the merge cell wizard every time you need to place data into several cells or when you need to merge cells retaining their value. With merge cell wizard you can merge data from several Microsoft Excel cells into one cell using spacebar you like. For this the following process at first select the cells which would be want to merge and highlight them, then press Ctrl + Shift + s. Now the cells would be selected then press Shift + _ key. Now you found all borders between the cells would be erased. We can also done it by pressing shift + arrow marks.

You can become a great artist by using computer. The computer provides paint, brush, and canvas to create an image based on your imagination. It makes not only pictures and also makes map, logo wallpaper, and letterhead as you like. For this, you use Photoshop, Corel draw painting software’s. You will buy these software’s or to use equaling share ware programs like paint shop pro etc. For compare to this the free painting programs have less facilities. You can download these free painting programs from Internet.

If you enter Crayola websites you can draw the pictures and enjoy it. Windows operating system have free painting program. That is MS Paint. You can use this to draw the pictures. To open the MS Paint click Start => Programs => Accessories => Paint. Now we have a paint program. The Canvas placed center in this. You are drawing in this canvas. The Toolbox is left side in this canvas. Toolbox has more tools for drawing. Below in the canvas have more colors part. That is a Color Palette. The Menu Bar is above in the canvas.

To Change Canvas Size:

You decide that can you draw the picture in displaying canvas. If you cannot draw that, change the canvas size for any unit like inches, centimeter, and pixel. To change the canvas size click Image Attribute. Type length and width then click OK.

We can use two colors at a time in MS painting program. One is background color another one color is to use drawing in foreground. These two colors are in color palette starting. To change the foreground colors to left click any color in color palette. Now you can see color changed in color palette starting. To change background color to right clicks any color in color palette. If you draw to pressing left click the drawing have background color. If you draw to pressing right click the drawing have background.

Now the canvas and colors are ready then we start to draw the picture. For using in this, the MS Paint gives more tools. If you place mouse in any tool that give a tool name. The MS Paint gives more tools to use drawing. These are Pencil, Brush, Air Brush, Line Curve, Rectangle, Polygon, Ellipse and Rounded Rectangle. If you click one tool more sub tools display below in that tool. It denotes that tools size. For example if you clock Line tool, we have different lines depends upon width to use drawing. We can change the tool that tool size at any time. If you draw wrongly, you can erase that to use Eraser tool. It’s had some different sizes. If you want to type Text in picture to click Text tool and make a rectangle in canvas. Then you can type letter in that rectangle. You can change letter font, size and style.

If you use Rectangle and Ellipse tools, to press these tools with shift key we get square, rectangle respectively. Same as that to press shift key with Rounded Rectangle tool we get rounded square. We want to fill the color in closed object to use Fill with Color tool.

If you want only one part to maximize for painting, you click Magnifier tool then click that part. Now that part is to maximized. If you want to change part size to normal to click Magnifier tool than click that part. The MS Paint gives Free Form Select and Rectangle Select tools to select one part in picture. The Rectangle Select tool used to select square/Rectangle, the Free Form Select to use select other shapes. Then give Edit Copy command, now that part is copy to clipboard. After that you can paste this in any place. If you want to change foreground color to a particular color then click Pick Color tool and then click particular part. This tool is also called as Eye Dropper.

To save the Picture:

We can save the picture to BMP format in MS Paint. BMP means Bitmap. The windows 98-second edition and other edition released after that have BMP, GIF, and JPEG Formats.

To give special effects:

If you click Image menu you got a more commands. We can rotate the pictures, invert the picture, and enlarge the picture like rubber, to slope the picture. You can use this facility for your drawing and became a great artist.

By the invention of new chip Intel organization makes a milestone in the usage of personal computer. The chip contains two new functional processors. The personal computer containing this kind of chip would able act as double-brained system. Past 12years empire of the Pentium chips comes to an end. This new invention had brought on the silver jubilee of the invention of personal computer.

This chip had been brought 40years after the invention of moor’s law. Moor’s law says that the capacity and speed of the processor will be doubling every 2 years while the cost remains same.

By using this dual pc we get high clarity of video, picture and audio’s. even though we get digitalize pictures in 3D effect.

Uses of dual core processor:

It can handle to entirely different type of processes as fast and easily at same time. For example a dual core chip can do the work of making imagination about the four car’s traveling path and also it can observe the path for it. We don’t want improve the speed of cars. by this dual core chip we do the music file downloading and games downloading on same time. At the same time we can also handle high capacity of data’s also. Before the dual core technology we use Hyper-threading technology, which can manage two different processes at single time. But dual core technology handles four different processing at single time.

What is the meaning of chipset?

We know about the word chipset in production of pc. What is mean by chipset? And what is the work of it? Shall we discuss about it?
Chipset is the most important part of our desktop computer’s motherboard. All works are done around it. Chipset manage the work of how to execute commands which would be executed first how the output is get. Work done by using the memory. This the main work of chipset.

A chipset contain two bridges namely south bridge and North Bridge. North Bridge contains the working parts like CPU, system memory and work between graphical memories. This is called as Intel memory controller hub. Intel organization calls the graphical and video processes as graphical memory controller. South Bridge is called as integrated controller hub. It contains 3GB serial ATA, raid level matrix, high definition audio, USB ports. CPU is the central part of computer. It is called as central processing unit up to now we use the CPU, which contain only one CPU, but dual core chip.

While computer is processing CPU should acting very fast for this huge amount of heat will be produced it won’t cool by the fan, which is fixed on the CPU. Instead of this we use dual core chip means it will reduce the heat. New edition software designed as the facility using dual core. So the execution time must be reduced for example in Internet we can view and copy was ten sites at a single time at the same we can also make work on word processor also.
Lets consider that you are hearing MP3 songs in mp3 player, suddenly u want to edit a picture from the Photoshop and mail it to your friends. Computer speed will be decreases when tasks are increases. In future more number of Technologies important take over in dual core chip.

MP3 Player:

Apple’s IPOD device gets an unique position to enjoy listening to songs and to store it. Recently Sandish Corporate introduces a device namely Sansa player, which is same as IPOD. But its memory capacity is two times greater than IPOD. It’s memory capacity is nearly 8GB here we can load and hear 2000 songs. 4GB IPOD player and 8GB Sandish player are sold for 250 $.
Sandish Organization produces their flash memory chip by own, so that the cost of flash memory chip will get reduced. They got a unique position to give the chips for worldwide.

Three-in-One device:

Index Technology Company introduces a new device, which is the combination of MP3 player, PEN drive and FM Radio. It is very Useful to the Users.

Two models of 3 in 1 devices are introduced based on their memory capacity of 512MB and 1GB. 3 in 1 device have the options of MIKE, VOLUME CONTROLLER, PLAY, FORWARD, REVERSE, SEARCH, REPLY, REPEAT. It also gives EARPHONE, USB combining drive and also one-year guarantee. 512MB 3 in 1 player cost Rs.2999 and 1GB 3 in 1 player cost Rs.3, 800

Lenova’s ThinkPad:

Lenova produce tow notebook computer’s by using the dual core chip of Intel’s. They are respectively named as ThinkPad Z61 and R60.Thinkpad Z61 has 14.1-inch screen and R60 has 15.4-inch screen. Its initial price is 60,000 Rs.

Some readers says that while is inserting flash drive in USB port. The system didn’t recognize it how could we overcome it.

First of all we should know the two types of USB ports.

USB 1.1: This is the first type of USB. It designed as per the speed of transferring 1.5mb/sec data’s. This is designed instead of serial and parallel port for the use of USB port. This is basically used only for connecting mouse and keyboard. System would be struggled for data overloading.

USB 2.0: This kind of USB ports is used for large scale into data transfer. More readers ask that how to identify these two kind of USB ports. To identify the model use the following commands. Start=>My computer=> properties. And click Hardware tab after than select Device Manager. Now you got the list. In that list select the plus symbol that is located after “Universal Serial Bus controllers” if your system have USB 1.1 mean it displays as “Host controller (or) Open Host Controller”. Else USB 2.0 is used mean it displays like.” Enhanced host controller (or) USB 2.0 controller.

Your windows operating system says that the connected USB get speeded. When you are connecting the high speed USB to logo speed USB port of the system, but most of the reader saying that while connecting the USB device to the system. The device was not getting detected. Commonly while inserting an USB device to the system. Window XP will say new hardware found. This message will display in the hard disk. While inserting the USB device it will get auto play, and enquire whether to open the files as file (Or) audio format (Or) video format? It assigns a drive letter for it. If all the details mentioned above had not displayed means the inserted device had not matched with your operating system. You can solve this by doing below.

Go to Start => control panel =>Administrative Tools and click in administrative tool. After that double click on Computer Management.
In that left side select Disk Management, at the right side a drive displays with the name of a removable drive. This is the drive thus containing to same name of already using drive.
To change it right click on the while bar then a got a list.
Now select “change drive letters and paths”.
Now you can select the letter that you want. Click the “change” option.
The letter that you selected it should be already used one.
After finishing this you should get a warning message.
Now click ok to it.
Now close the computer management console while clicking the My computer icon.
You can see the USB drive’s letter.

We face more problems on problem on using USB port. Some part may become in accessible due to the power shortage of computer. These kinds of problems happen on USB 1.1 ports only. These problems happen only on windows 2000 and the before edition while getting these kind of problems. We just disconnect the instruments after that connect one by one.

Now a days the new version computer consists of at-least four USB ports. Two ports are fixed in backside and the remaining two parts are fixed in front side. Windows XP packages will manage these ports without any problems.

You would have come across a Drawing canvas while trying to paste a picture in a word file. This will be available even before you ask. On that only your picture will be pasted. After that only you move that picture from these to the destination you desire. Do you feel it so difficult and irritating? Do you feel why this canvas is there unnecessarily? Follow the steps below to fulfill your wish.


First go to Tools menu in that select Options, in the following list of tabs you click the General tab. In the various features tack the tick near ”Automatically create drawing canvas when inserting Auto shapes” then click ok and exit. After this action canvas will not function while you paste a picture in word document? If you feel you need the canvas, follow the same steps and select table from the same option.

We measure size of files created in computer by kilobytes, megabytes. We measure modems speed by bits. Let’s see what they denote and let’s see some difference between them.

BIT: In the computer-associated measures this is the smallest one. No file can be in the measures of bits; its value is 0 or 1.
BYTE: combinations of 8 bits are called one byte. To create a file that containing one byte of data is very hard.
KILOBYTE (KB): proximately it has 1024 bytes of combinations. While downloading a file from net we denote it by the units of kilobytes.
MEGABYTE (MB): combinations of 1,048,576 bytes (or) 1024 kilobytes are called 1 megabyte.
GIGABYTE (GB): combinations of 1024 megabytes are called 1 gigabyte. This unit denotes capacity of hard disk.
Now we can fix this unit to some more devices.

* We can store 1.44 MB of data’s into a 3.25 inch floppy.
* In a compact disk we can store 650 to 700 MB data’s. But we won’t completely utilize the space available in cd.one cd contains the space equals to 450 3.25 inch floppy.
* A 20 gigabyte hard disk contains the space equal to 31 cd’s.(i.e.)14,222 floppy’s data.
* In an ordinary dial up connection .it takes 7 to 10 min’s for download a 1 Mega byte file.
* A normal single text page will be in 4 KB when it is changed as a file.

To find the size of a file, just right click on it .now you got a menu and then select the “PROPERTIES” from it. Now you got the size of that particular file.

While assembling a computer, usually drive C attains main role and others become subsidiary, while using pen drives the OS automatically assigns an alphabet and later delete it. Do you know you can assign a name using A to Z alphabets? Disk Management snap in software in windows XP provides this feature. A and B letters are assigned for your floppy drive C is assigned disk containing OS. If you don’t have floppy drive you can use A and B for other drives. But you may install floppy drives some day so we will leave out A and B and see how to assign other alphabets.

To assign all favorite letters to a disk drive (or) part of (or) a volume for the first time do as said below. First start log in as user.

1. Then click start=> control panel option, it will list sum of option then select Performance and Maintenance. (Note: This option will be enable only on control panel. So we should open it.)
2. Now click Administrative tools and then double click on computer management. Now some of option listed on the left side of it then selects Disk management.)
3. Now right click on the drive, as you want to create letters, and then click on change drive letter and paths.
4. From that click Add
5. Now default computer mark the type of letter from “Assign the following drive letter” Now you can make changes only by selecting some other type of letter.

We see how to change the type of letter for a drive on its parts
1. Select start=>control panel a window will be open then select “Performance and Maintenance” from that window.
2. Now click on “Administrative Tools” after that double click on computer management. Now you get sum of option from the left side of window here we select the Disk management.
3. Right click on the drive (or) the part on we want change the letter type after that select “change drive letter and paths” from it.
4. Now click on “change” option carefully
5.Now select the type of letter from “Assign the following drive letter” option and give ok to it
6. Carefully give yes when a dialogue box open with the message of whether change the type of letter. Now you got to selected letter types enabled on the drives.

To change the already existing letter, use following
1. Click start=>control panel. Now you get new window. Select performance and maintenance option from that window.
2. Now click on Administrative tools after that double click on computer management. Now select the disk management option from the left side of the window.
3. Right click on the drive (or) part as you want to change the letter type, then “change drive letter and paths”
4. Now carefully click the “remove” option
5. Now you got a dialogue box, which contains the warning message. Click Yes on it. At this time you got the certain type of letter will be removed.

Like this you would apply this option for your drive.

Recently Microsoft announced a warning about hackers in the name of KB925568. Accessing the files from others computer with out their knowledge are called as Hackers. They will enter into our files through Internet Explorer or OS of Microsoft. After that Microsoft find a decision for this.

Recently KB925568 warning declared that the vector graphics is used to designing the graphical website. By using this weaker position of graphics hackers entered into it. Creating a new website for attracting the computer users. When the users enters these sites, hackers easily enter into users computer through graphical pictures when opened, and install spy ware and mal ware. With these they can harm the system. Microsoft has already warned about this issue, but it has not given any solution for the problem. If you ask whether we have to worry about it or not, I would answer both yes and no, because this mode is used by sexual and porn sites only. Till you don’t visit them you can avoid it. But the hackers will certainly try to use normal websites too. We have to be careful. For that you can follow the ways given.

1.Don’t see the e-mails in html page view it as text, because html page contain attractive direct links to websites. It initiates us to view it.

2. Install anti virus in our computer. We also make continuous updates on it.

3. Also install Personal Firewalls in your computer. There are more firewalls available on it at free of cost.

4. Also update the batch files like windows update which Microsoft gives.

5. Don’t open unknown emails. Delete it from your trash box also.

6. Don’t open the emails and links which is comes form unexpected address

7. Visit only the trustable and already visited websites.

Now days these kind of attacks are done again some circle of people and companies. So Microsoft didn’t release batch files for it. Next security update batch file will be released on October 10.

Such type of attacks increases means Microsoft will produce batch files for it. Shall I give a small note on KB925568? Whatever it happen don’t confused go to Microsoft website and clear your doubts.

Whenever an error occurs in an operating system or any important programs or whenever system collapses. The question arising is, is there any boot disk? Some people ask booting disk! What is this all about? Others feel for not creating such things.
To avoid you from facing this problem I am giving this tip.

What is boot disk?

A boot disk & booting disk is all the same. These are not different. Basically the disks that consist of programs, which help a computer to function and startup, are called a boot disk. Mostly the computer boots from their hard disk only. We go for boot disk only when there is the problem in the hard disk. A boot disk can be a floppy disk, ACD, or DVD. For a boot disk to perform its function it should consist of files. Computer should know to understand and accept this files. The disk should consist of all O/S files or at least essential O/S files.

When and how you will use boot disk?

Whenever the operating system or the files of operating system in hard drive does not get loaded properly in to the memory, we use boot disk. How this happens? This happens when the system is not able to read OS files in the hard drive due to data blocks or due to some other error. The data block can be remove using the disk repair or the hard drive can be formatted and the operating system can be reinstalled.
Our friends suggest reformatting the disk whenever small errors are taking place. But before reformatting think carefully and act.

First of all what is formatting?

We can see what happens when it is done. When we start to reformat. Its start from the hard disk of the computer. We here only important information in the computer is saved. Any way it becomes like clean state after you have reformatted. Some people would reformat their disk ones in 6 months or a year. This is the good idea but not essential one as some IT companies will provide boot disk or installation CD this will help us to reformat, because of this computer attains the state when it first came to you whenever you can do a reformat whenever or program crashes without any explanation and the computer collapses and all or measures to repair it fails you can reformat. There are 5 stages in the reformatting. I will explain the basic stages here.

1. First of all you have to take a backup of all the files in the hard drive of or computer. Here the files means not only that data files and also program files, application files, software files, the favorite website addresses and e-mail are to be back up. You have to remove the unwanted files from you are system no need of back up such unwanted files.
2. Next you have to create a boot disk in the case of you don’t have boot disk. You have to select the boot disk as floppy or CD according to your computer and check the boot disk it correct or not because its important for next stage.
3. In the third stage is little more confused don’t work. It’s easy when we understand .In this stage we have to reformat and partition the hard disk partition means dividing the hard disk for our facility. Due to this we can handle the drive partitions. Depends upon our file types. When we reformat the drive the files and in formations are fully deleted, so that only we create the back up. When we partition the hard disk its ready to get the files.
4. The major part of formatting the hard disk is finishes after that we have to installed all the programs first of all we have to install OS for that we should have installation CD feed the CD into the drive and install. It as per the commands
After that you have to install the programs and copy the files from your back up. After finishing this you get a Internet connection to view your favorite website and listen music your hard drive get new look you can use your computer as new.
5. The above all basic hints only it explain the common stages in the process.
Do you want to know briefly you can get it from websites? It contains more explanation and pictures. Down load it to read.

Two months back Intel started a revolution on P.C by releasing DUAL CORE CHIP. After that now it releases the CPUs with 4 chips in November 2007. In dual core chip we get a new experience on 3D games. But four-in-one chips will increase the potential of the server. The chips would be released on 2007.It would increase the usage to the computer in home and in office. Mr.Ottelni chief of Intel says that the four-in-chip is 70% more effective than the dual core chip. Now Intel 65 Nm Tech, by next year it use 45Nm Tech. (1Nm = 1/109 m). In 45 Nm techs we can fix the transistors closely into the chip. If we fix more number of Transistors in a small space, it will increase the efficiency. If we fix four-chip combination it increases the efficiency and also reduce the heat.

In his seminar Ottenli shows a silicon wafer chapathi. It contains 80 Tera flop chips by using the chips we can execute 1 Lakh crores digital actions within one second. Now it is in starting stage, soon it comes to trade oriented if can execute a job of a computer, which contains thousand chips.

He also shows the P.C named community P.C that is designed by specialist in Bangalore Intel. This computer is more compact and air tight batteries. They are also manufacturing computer named schoolmate, which is used by students. It is a small notebook computer for school students. It doesn’t have hard disk, instead of that flash memory is used. It costs around Rs. 13,500. In future its cost must be reduced and will be used by all school students.

We can print one document in Windows XP. But how to we print all files in the folders? Ok. If one folder has 10 files we can open all files and then give print command. If 100 files are there and you have to take a printout of all of them what can we do? Here only notepad comes to our help here we can write a batch file and command it to print from a right place. Lets see briefly how is this done.

First of all open note pad, through Start, All Programs, Accessories, Notepad then type the following code without fault.


@echo off

dir%1/-p/o: gin>

“%temp%\listing”

Start/wnotepad/p”%temp%\listing”

Del”%temp%%\listing”

exit

Save the file as printdir.bat, then save it in c:\windows folder. A small tip: - you can save this file in any name but you must give the extension as .bat only. Now you have successfully created a file to print. Now, let’s see how to print all files in a folder,

1) First double click the My Computer icon.
2) Select Folder options from the Tools menu
3) Then Click File types tab, it will be in the upper side of the screen.
4) You will find a file type below” Registered file types”
5) Select it and click Advanced Tab
6) This opens Edit File Type. In this you can see a button “New” click it
7) New action dialog box opens
8)Type print directory in action tab
9) Browse for c:\windows\printdir.bat through browse button at application used to perform action
10) Click ok and close all the dialog boxes

If lot of files is to be printed we can create a folder and put them inside it, now right click on the folder and select print directory option in it, if you select this all files in the folder will be printed.

To get † symbol use Alt+0134
To get ‡ symbol use Alt+0135
To create the trade mark (™) symbol use Alt+0153
To get bound sterling (£) symbol use Alt+0163
To get the Japanese currency yen (¥) symbol use Alt+0165
To get copy right symbol (©) use Alt+0169
To get registered trade mark symbol (®) use Alt+0174
To get degree symbol (°) use Alt+0176
To show (±) symbol use Alt+0177
To show super script 2 symbol (²) use Alt+0178
To show super script 3 symbol (³) use Alt+0179
To make a center dot symbol (•) use Alt+0183
To describe ¼ use Alt+0188
To describe ½ use Alt+0189
To describe ¾ use Alt+0190

We can create more symbols as same as above. We mostly use the above symbols. To see more combinations of symbols visit at http://home.earthlink.net/~awinkelried/keyboard_shortcuts.html

1.Is the Internet Explorer Updates automatically? i.e. if we are online does Internet Explorer lower version downloads files automatically so that it updates to version 7, this has been asked by lot of people, They are a little afraid about it

Internet Explorer version 7.0 is not provided with automatic updated service, it seems it will be provided only from the month of November, but Microsoft feels that version 6 is not safe and it should be replaced by version 7, but without the permission of the end user the new version’s files will not get installed. A window consisting of End User rights will be provided for user in which a Don’t Install button is provided if the user feels updating is not required he could press this button to cancel the installation. If a user feels He doesn’t needs automatic update he could use popup blocker in the address
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/updatemanagement/windowsupdate/ie7blockertoolfaq.mspx

2.If the demo version of the newer version is already installed in your computer, it automatically gets updated.

3.If Windows XP and ServiceBag2 are installed in your computer automatically Internet Explorer 7 gets installed.

4.The Bookmark, History and Favorites of the Internet Explorer 6 does not gets deleted and automatically gets transformed to the newer version.

5.Internet Explorer 7 along with Windows Vista will definitely have additional features.

6.I.E.Ver7 is available through Microsoft Download center website and automatic updating tool.
7. I.E. version & will not work in Windows 98 & 2000 versions it will work only with Windows XP and future Windows operating systems

8.We can install I.E. 7 and I.E.6 can be installed separately and can be used simultaneously.

9.There is no answer from Microsoft for the questions such as Will XP Service Bag 3 will arrive are not with I.E 7 available in it?

10.Is power toys available with I.E. 7? Has been a frequent question; my answer is We have better tools than that with additional features which can be downloaded from http://www.ieaddons.com

11.An Engineering student as enquired Whether I.E 7 developed using c++ or C#? We come to know that it had been developed using C++ only.

12.An I.E in connection with Windows Vista will definitely be provided.

Additional information:

1. IE edition 7 gives a different look. Usually the menus and files are hidden we can use when we want. Because of that we had large space for viewing the page

2. A menu for common uses that has controls that is flexible is attached while viewing websites.

3. It has browsing through tape methodology, so we can view number of websites in a single browser window. This makes browsing easier

4. Websites with similar information can be listed in a same tape using tape groups technology. So in a single click we can browse several sites containing relevant in formations, preventing delay in browsing you doesn’t have to keep clicking address.

5. If you want to search while you are browsing, you can do this with instant search mechanism. So that you can find your favorite search engines and fin what u need while you browsing.

6. Printing mechanism is improved, using this you can compress and print all the information in the website. In many pages print preview mechanism is provided, selected text can also be printed.

7. You can compress and keep favorite sites, tape groups, browsing history and R.S.S using favorites center mechanism provided.

8. Using page zoom feature a certain web page can be zoomed and viewed. This would be very handy for people with eye defects.

ASCII and ANSI codes are two types of codes used in the computer. American Standard Code for Information Interchange is the expansion for ASCII. American National Standards Institute is the expansion for ANSI.

ANSI and ASCII definitions are very important. We use keyboard to type ‘A’ to ‘Z’ , ‘a’ to ‘z’ , numbers from ‘0’ to ‘9’ and special symbols. These symbols though helpful to us, computer understand only numerical. Each key has a value. Computer takes in account the value of the key you press and produces it in monitor

ASCII CODE: ASCII codes are seven digits numbers. If we multiply 2 for 7 times it gives 128,is’nt it? So the number of ASCII numbers is 128,So each number takes values between 0 to 127.For e.g. The alphabet A takes the value 65,the alphabet a takes the value 97.8 bits are used to represent a single ASCII number.

ANSI CODE: The total number ANSI numbers that uses 16 bits is 65,536. (If 2 is multiplied for 16 times we get 65536. ANSI is called as the superset of ASCII, so lot special symbols can be typed using it.

To type ANSI and ASCII numbers: To display letter in the monitor we need to type the ASCII or ANSI value of the number. 3 digits denote ASCII and, 4 digits denote ANSI. We already see that the ANSI value of A is 65 when we specifies this in ANSI we have to specify as 065 in three digits. As same as in ASCII we have to specify as 0065 in four digits. For typing the ANSI and ASCII codes we should use the Numeric Keypad, which is in left side of our keyboard. We should not use the number keys, which is in second row of our keyboard. For typing ANSI and ASCII code open the word document in Microsoft. Press the Num lock key the light should glow.

*Press Alt key and type the keys 065(in Numeric Keypad). Letter A will display. Press Alt key and type other values (example 078,094,). From typing the three digit numbers we get the ASCII letters.

*Press Alt key and type the keys 0128. Displays the Euro money symbol, as same as type other four digit numbers (example 0065,0163,). We get ANSI letters.

Downloading, Uploading, Installing and Un installing are most favorite words in the usage of computer and Internet. Let’s see about this.

Downloading:

We are copying a file from a network or an Internet to our computer is called downloading. We need not to do so much work for this. In Internet it displays, if you want this facility click here to download. If we click the link it will ask the place to store the file then we select the directory. The file will start to download. It shows the message it contain the rate and time.

Uploading:

This is the reverse process of downloading. That is we can copy the files from can computer to a network or the Internet. Generally the process is run by F.T.P. some of the Internet website provide the way to upload the files through their browsers.

Installing:

Mostly the peoples confuse both downloading and installing. Installing means process of our computer is preparing for run a program. Generally its have a setup program to run when we are executing the setup program it ask some questions. We give to answer for this questions then it start copy the files to your computer for run the particular program. If we want to run the program we may click the icons in the desktop. Otherwise select the program from star/program menu.

Un Installing:

This is also the reverse process of installing while installing the program. It will copy the files in your computer. When we don’t want the program it’s hard task find and delete the files. Because of that the developers are create one exe file for uninstalling with that program.

We can see the file in program directory. Otherwise we can uninstall the file by select the Add/Remove Program option in control panel. Here all the installed programs are arranged in alphabetical order. We can select the program from the list, which is wanted to uninstall.

Consider now your computer works properly. But the monitor has a problem. The monitor problems irritate us while we want to get things done fast. Follow these steps to troubleshoot your monitor.


1. First of all check if the power supply to the monitor is ON. In old type of computers the power supply is given in the CPU but in recent computers the monitors have own power cable.. Check if it is fixed correct and If the switch is on. If the power supply comes to the monitor the LED will glow in the monitor. Otherwise it does not glow.

2. After that you have a switch control in monitor for adjusting the monitor setting. You can adjust to get display. Children may change the settings mistakenly. We can check it out.

3. After that check whether video cable is connected to the CPU firmly.

4. If you have any other monitor you can connect with CPU by using the same video cable and also the problem continuous that means the video cable has a problem.

5. If you can connect your monitor with another CPU then we decide the problem is in your monitor. You have to change your monitor or repair the monitor by the technician.

6. When booting the computer the monitor that is identified maybe incorrect then we decide the problems in your display card. Try to change the monitor driver if you have the CD. Or change the video card.

After fixing new display card, if the problem continues then change your monitor. Don’t buy a second hand monitor. Buy a monitor based on new technology releases when you buy a new monitor. Recently the flat LCD monitors are cheep.

Before 25 years in august 12,1981 IBM releases personal computers for small level organization, home and School. During that period it cost was $ 1,565 and the monitor will display the letter in green color. It contains 16 KB memory. It doesn’t use any hard disks. OS and files are save in the floppies, which are in big size. Bilgates develop disk operating system for this computer. After that Apple produced a different computer. But 90% of computers around the world were produced by IMB.

The pc can be used by public and students. This credits goes to HCL. Following them Wipro, PSI, Smith TCL data system also give their products to Indian people.

The computer production now grows well in the range of 27% per year. The producers of the computer and assemblers were producing lakes and lakes of computers per year. Now the computer containing dual processor had came into practice. These computers are highly configured than the previously manufactured computers.

In the case of operating system in the personal computer, first it starts from the DOS operating system and goes to tremendous level. Particularly Bilgates release the Windows 95 OS. People around the world had celebrated that as a festival.

Like the scientific development computer field also get developed. At the same time the disaster also being growing side by side.

Some of the people are saying that the life of personal computer had reduced now and some of them are refusing that. They are telling that the cost of the personal computer had got reduced and the efficiency had got increased and the computer was being an entertainment device in homes and it takes place around audio system and TV.

But the mobile phones were coming to make computations with computers. One mobile phone cans wok as a Desktop computer or laptops. One device, which combines both the device, will release soon and it will be in the public hands. When pc will reach it 50th age, we can’t judge the usage and efficiency of the pc, we have to wait and see it.

MS-Office clipboard is used to copy and past the text, pictures and graphics. The copy of the text or picture is getting stored in clipboard. We can past that in any windows application. When coping any text it will overwrite that previous text. What can we do for copy more than on text in MS-Office? Answer this please.

It’s totally different from clipboard in windows operating system.

In MS-Office all the application software contains office clipboard. We will see the facility in this. If work based on cut, copy, paste command. We can store 24 items in this clipboard. While trying to copy the 25th item in the clipboard it will replace the first item from the clipboard.

Due to the following option the menu will automatically open.

1. When you cut or copy more than 2 items in a program
2. In a same program copy one text and past after that copy a text.
3. When you past the same item twice.

When office clipboard started the icon is displayed in the left side of status bar. To show the number of text you can go to edit menu and active it. In that it shows more facilities. To get that facility put tick mark in the facility.

1. To display the clipboard automatically. (No need to go edit menu)
2. When we press the Ctrl + c twice, it shows clipboard.
3. To get the facility even though it does not display.
4. To display the icon in the task bar.
5. To show the copy clipboard it display the status of copied item.

When we active Office clipboard in on office program it does not show other office program. The items are in office clipboard until the entire office programs are closed. Or we can delete it by clicking delete in the menu. We can delete the item selected from text. We can paste or delete the file by left click the item. If we press delete it will delete the item. If we select the past it will paste the item where the cursor is placed. If we paste all, it will paste all the items to the document.

Now a question arises in your mind. What is the difference between both the clipboards? Lets see the answer. While you pasting the items continuously in office clipboard the last item will store in operating system clipboard. When we delete all files in office clipboard the item in OS clipboard also get erased. When you are using (CTRL + V) and paste command it will paste content from operating system clipboard.

While we working in computer you may get a black blank screen with white words at that time we get confusion about, whether the file, which is not saved, may get erased so we restart the system. At that time we won’t get tension just read the message and follow the action. These errors are happening with out the CPU knowledge, some of the errors and reasons and how to avoid this are given below.

This program is not responding End now cancel

These types of errors are occurring while we get transfer the data’s frequently from program to computer. If the program got crash means you got the message as End now/ Cancel. These errors are occurs on old type of computers. When we use our pcs on hard task we got this message at that time you may click Cancel and got continue on program else press End Now and got close the program and open once again it to work.

Non system disk or disk error. Replace and press any key when ready

When computer can’t get read the booting disk at the time you got this error message. If you may not take the floppy from the CPU means you may go this problem. So you would take away the system and restart the system. If you wont get cure means switch off the current and open the CPU cabin and find whether any cables get disconnected means connect it even though you may no got cure means bring your computer to a hardware mechanic.

An Exception OE has occurred

For each program it may need memory these memory are allocated by the computer automatically. When a program access the unauthorized memory these type of errors are displayed, if you got these type of errors frequently occur means you may get delete the recently installed file either if we change any setup means re modify it. This process is called as System Restore.

An error has occurred in your program to keep working anyway, click ignore and save your work to a new file. To quit this program click close.

If you got any bug errors on running program mean you got these message. You may also continue running the program even these error displayed now you give ignore and save the file into new name. Because the old file can be get corrupt.

Duplicate name exists

These type of message displays on the networking, because in network each system contain separate names so if any tow system have same name means it will display it. Without the separate we wont access the network at once you right click the My computer icon and select Computer name => change and give the new name to it and use the computer.

A runtime error has occurred. Do you wish to debug?

You got these message while using internet explorer these error are happen due to the website that you have accessing it. You wont debug it debugging is software developer work. If you want to avoid this messages means do the following steps. Go to Tools => Internet options => Advanced => Browsing => Disable script debugging and put a tick mark on it

The margins of section ... are set outside the printable area of the page. Do you want to continue? in Word

Some printers work print on full page they take margin space on four types. If you got about message in Microsoft word means please give No and go to document page setup and change the margin and paper size and also view print preview before printing through this way we can avoid this error.

You can maintain the computer by taking these following steps. We have websites helping you out to clear your doubts. You can use their articles and software’s in them. We need some software’s and hardware devices like Screwdriver, Nose flyer to maintain the computer. We can learn some thing about them here.

Software tools:

If you install good antivirus software’s in you can guard your computer from virus attack. We can buy quality software like Norton antivirus, McCabe. If you don’t want to spend your money you download AVG ( http://www.grisoft.com ). A Vast of Home Edition ( http://www.asw.org ), Antivirus Personal Edition ( http://www.freeav.com ) as they are available for free.. The utilities used for computer maintenance. This utility used for avoid the mistakes easily and simply in the computer. System suite E, Norton system works 2004, Win cleaner utility Suite 8, System meathanic 4 professional these are some utilities. You can install ay one from these.

If you enter the browsing the hackers will be attack your system. So you have to install Firewall software to your system. But generally the software firewall is enough. You can use Zone alarm firewall. If you are not wishing to spend money for this you can get this software as free.

You must keep the Booting floppy or CD-Rom disc. Now a days most of the computer’s boot by using CD-Rom disc. If your computer not having this features then you can boot by using booting floppy.

Hardware tools:

If your computer gets collapsed, while you repairing it you need to know some tools. Now we can see about those tools. First we have different size of Screwdrivers. Nose pliers and Tweezfrs are used for repair the spare parts. We need Vacuum Cleaner for clean the dust and hairs. First we should disconnect the earth from our body, then only we should touch the computer parts. If you failed to do this it may spoil your system. You must open your system by using Antistatic strip belt wear in hand.( Suppose you not having the belt touch a water pipe made of metal. After that you should open the system).

Websites:

If you hadn’t update your antivirus in your system, it leads easy way to entry of new viruses from Internet. To avoid this you can test the viruses in online. Mac fee, Norton and some other antivirus software companies have online testing. You can also enter the websites like http://housecall.antivirus.com/ , www.peptistop.com.antivitus/defanlt.asp .
If your ports are open in your system means it make easy way to enter your system by the hackers. So you must know about the open port in your system. Steve Gibson produced an analysis called Shields up which gives the report about your ports. You can get this software from http://www/gre.com/ .

Pepitslop’s software analyzes and give the report about computer hardware and software’s. This is also test the price of the disk, test the memory conditions and it can also test the speed of your computer Internet connection. You can get this software from http://www.pepitslop.com . Some of the websites used to find the speed of the Internet connection and say how to increase the speed \. The websites are http://www/broadbanfreports.com/ , www.dslreports.com/stest , http://msn.zdnet.com/partners/msn/bandwith/speedtest.him and http://promos.mcafee.com/speedometer .